Mass Construct in Barbie Doll by Marge Percy

Barbie Doll The Common Women Poems, III. Nadine, resting on her neighbor’s stoop By Marge Piercy This girlchild was born as usual and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy. Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said: You have a great big nose and fat legs. She was healthy, tested intelligent, possessed strong arms and back, abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity. She went to and fro apologizing. Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs. She was advised to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, smile and wheedle.Her good nature wore out like a fan belt. So she cut off her nose and her legs and offered them up. In the casket displayed on satin she lay with the undertaker's cosmetics painted on, a turned-up putty nose, dressed in a pink and white nightie. Doesn't she look pretty? everyone said. Consummation at last. To every woman a happy ending. Mass’ Constructs The Mass’ C onstruction or the matters which related to power relation and domination by Michel Foucault might be applied into the poem of ‘Barbie Doll? by Marge Piercy. Clearly could be seen, the victim from the poem are exactly a woman.While she’s only a kid, the topic of Mass’ Construction is strongly applied into the theme and atmosphere of the poem. As Michel Foucault stated in his ‘Power/Knowledge’, the stronger one person the bigger his position to influence the weaker opposites. For Michel Foucault it is through discourse (through knowledge) that we are created. If we are the sum of our experiences (the knowledge we encounter), then those in control of our early life experiences have enormous power. In an isolated family, a child's knowledge depends upon just a few people. In a sense, those few people create the child's identity.From Power and Knowledge, comes ‘Discipline and Punish’ for the littlegirl. That these reorganizations of knowledg e were also intertwined with new forms of power and domination. The littlegirl cannot attempt to learn anything but what is communicated by them by her society. This is what the little girl had experienced in the poem. Not mentioning she is a little girl, it doubles the oppression she should endure in order to get accepted by this Mass’ Construct society. Thus, this one-sided ideal to construct a woman theme might synergic with the Power/Knowledge as well as Discipline and Punish which both are coined by Michel Foucault.This tragic poem depicts the struggle of a little girl which surrounded by the all-controlling society. To control something, one side/individual definitely have power to execute it. It is practiced by how the society constructed the girl who only knows the beauty of the doll which she’s play with. While this is also could be seen as kids’ innocent activity, the idea of parents give their daughter a ‘barbie doll’ might be interpreted as the act of power controlling. Parents, who are the closest part of society towards the kids inarguably, took the first role in controlling the little girls.This girlchild was born as usual and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy. What the parents and society knows are that girls should act as a ‘girl’ by their only own point of view. And it has been done by presented her with the typical girls’ toy in a form of dolls. They are not only ordinary dolls in usual, but the dolls were concluded with their domestic tools, ‘and miniature GE stoves and irons’. It has been shown implicitly on how society sees woman and how to treat one.And as a woman, one should shows the ‘beauty’ by the line ‘and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy. ’ If not red, cherry candies are pink colored, the color which depicts the soft sides of the women. When it is correlated to the facts of Power/Knowledge by Foucault, this is the part where the basic knowledge of the society towards women is exactly the same with what the poem described. And because ‘This girlchild was born as usual’, she should acted as one. It is ironic when the quotation above connected to the very next lines on the same stanza.Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said: You have a great big nose and fat legs. The breakdown of the littlegirl started here. The picture of dolls (Barbie doll) had planted since she was kid by their parents. The relationship between peers at school also played a great role to build an identity of one person. And those peers of the littlegirl also one of the societies which construct the girl’s self. Unconsciously, she should know by now what kind of girl which boys/students from these lines who represented society preferred are.This is how the image of Barbie doll became the solid mental picture of perfect woman craved within the girl. Her place as the minority who surrounded by the construction of society has grown a guilty feeling inside the littlegirl. This might be caused by how she tried to show her good self as a woman so the society wanted to accept her existence. The strong proofs for this point are as mentioned on these lines: She went to and fro apologizing. Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs. ‘Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs. ’ Line are kept repeating itself.This is the indication that the problems which the society looked down towards the girl are pretty severe because they cannot tolerate it. They are cannot bear the truth that this littlegirl are not quite woman enough on their sights. Those nose and legs are always the bold worst points for the society to accuse, and to show the littlegirl that woman should not have an appearance such hers. A line before that also draws the littlegirl submission against the society. A mere apology are not enough because the false power w hich applied by society is a must rule for the littlegirl to obey.This all are caused by the position of littlegirl which make her cannot voice her heart. To prove that she is inferior against them who hold the knowledge to dominate every insight of the littlegirl. Thus, practicing the power relation towards the defenseless littlegirl. But the littlegirl are not a failure as her society has accused. The very first lines on second stanza, especially the line ‘She was healthy, tested intelligent, possessed strong arms and back,’ are indicated that she has everything that human existence could muster.Every aspects of her life are the things that needed to actively blend into every mantle of society. She was ‘tested intelligence’, she might offer a helps for teaching people in the future, or ‘possessed strong arms and back,’ to do some more harder works to accomplish such as an athlete or adventurer. She could do almost anything in the near future because ‘She was healthy. ’ From those proofs alone, she is the one of human woman who could do anything he would like. She has everything whether to be a socialist or liberalist individual with everything she has got.But again, due to the repetitive use of ‘Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs,’ those all positive aspects of the littlegirl are concealed within. The construction which applied by the society has hazed away those irrefutable prospects of hers. The first line of third stanza started with the deceitful construction to construct not only their way of thinking but also how women should act in normal way. To show the fitness, beauty, without any indication of lacking things as a woman. Synergistically with the Power/Knowledge relation, the aspects of woman’s construction also could be applied with Foucault’s Discipline and Punish.In his Discipline and Punish, however, the eighteenth-nineteenth century transformation of the human sci ences was explicitly set in the context of practices of discipline, surveillance, and constraint, which made possible new kinds of knowledge of human beings even as they created new forms of social control. Rouse, in his â€Å"Power/Knowledge†, directly stated that perhaps the most important transformation that Foucault described was in the scale and continuity of the exercise of power, which also involved much greater knowledge of detail.Foucault was interested in the difference between massive but infrequent exercises of destructive force (public executions, military occupations, the violent suppression of insurrections) and the uninterrupted constraints imposed in practices of discipline and training: â€Å"It was a question not of treating the body, en masse, ‘wholesale,' as if it were an indissociable unity, but of working it ‘retail,' individually; of exercising upon it a subtle coercion, of obtaining holds upon it at the level of the mechanism itself †” movements, gestures, attitudes, rapidity: an infinitesimal power over the active body. Other ways of exercising force can only coerce or destroy their target. Discipline and training can reconstruct it to produce new gestures, actions, habits and skills, and ultimately new kinds of people. â€Å"The human body was entering a machinery of power that explores it, breaks it down and rearranges it†¦. It defined how one may have a hold over others' bodies, not only so that they may do what one wishes, but so that they may operate as one wishes, with the techniques, the speed and the efficiency that one determines. Thus discipline produces subjected and practiced bodies, â€Å"docile† bodies. (Rouse, 2005) ‘†¦So that they may operate as one wishes, with the techniques, the speed and the efficiency that one determines. ’ Rouse opinion regarding the Power and Discipline which applied to the girl by the society ‘breaks it down and and rearranges itâ⠂¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Since the littlegirl presented a Barbie doll, at that time precisely, she had been constructed and her identity had been arranged. When the girl feels the bigger role of her peers at school, the big construction of society had broke down her capacities as the girl who is capable in many departments as mentioned on the second stanza.Then the society reconstructed it many times as in the beginning of the third stanza. She was advised to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, smile and wheedle. Everything that the society gives to her is the methods in how the society tried to constructed her into the way they should see a woman. ‘to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, smile and wheedle. ’ To live in submission and acted under the rule of them to be a perfect woman. The tragic ends show the break-free of the littlegirl from the clutch of Mass’ Construction.Everything that she have to chose her own way of live has been ma nipulated, so to speak, constructed and rearranged. The way the girl ended her life is not the way for her having a choice in the end, but the act to show how the power of society are relentless and how little the choices for they who has under the oppression of it had had. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Rouse, Joseph, â€Å"Power/Knowledge† (2005). Division I Faculty Publications. Paper 34. http://wesscholar. wesleyan. edu/div1facpubs/34

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Perspectives on International Law in Turkey -myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about thePerspectives on International Law in Turkey for Rights. Answer: Introduction The International Human Rights law was established in 1948 under the Declaration of rights of human beings. These rights are used to express the right and freedoms of all human beings irrespective of their race, origin or background. This was an agreement made to uphold the nature of human beings and has been used to create treaties, bills, conventions and constitutional provisions (Human rights, 2006). The International Human Rights consist of the two Covenants on Civil, Political Rights, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Bill of Human Beings Rights (Michael, 2014). The International Law protects human rights through International Treaties. For instance, when a country joins a treaty that is bound by the international human rights law, it must protect individual human rights, and avoid from interfering with those rights (United Nations, n.d.). Turkey is a country that is accused of human rights violations on multiple occasions especially due to the series of coups experienced. Human rights conventions have been ratified in various states but there are still many violations that are reported especially in non-western countries. In Turkey, the government had made efforts to protect and respect individual human rights. However, recently after the attempted coup in 2016, the violation of human rights has been on the rise. This essay argues about the universalism and relativity of human beings rights. Turkey In the past, Turkey was under the Ottoman Empire which underwent secession after the first world war. As a result, in 1923, a new Turkey was established. The international human rights conventions were established after the second world war. Traditionally, Turkey was a country that violated human rights especially those of detainees. This is mainly due to the coups that have affected it between 1960 and 1980. In 2002, the new government under the Justice and Development Party uphold the international law and it started by abolishing the state of emergency that had been there for twenty-five years (Human Rights and the Transformation Process in Turkey, 2013). This government made changes that were targeted towards improving the human rights laws in Turkey. In 2010, the constitution was amended and it included more rights and the restructuring of the judicial system. In 2013, it established a legal framework that allowed more freedom of speech based on the penal code of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) (Buckley, 2001). In addition, the prisons were inspected by the human rights inquiry committee which shared the findings with non- governmental organizations. Similarly, there have been efforts made to protect womens right regarding violence and abuse. Indeed, Turkey was the first country to sign the document on the convention in Istanbul concerning violence against women. additionally, there was more awareness on human rights with the issue being added to the primary school curriculum, high school electives, and professional training programs. Lastly, people with different religious beliefs were allowed to practice their religions and have different schools based on these beliefs (Human Rights and the Transformation Process in Turkey, 2013). In July 2016, there was a failed coup aimed against President Erdo?an and the Justice and Development Party in Turkey. The coup left more than 200 people dead and approximately 2000 injured. The events that led to the coup were clashes between the Kurdistan Workers Party and the government that left civil servant such as mayors jobless or detained. The government also blocked non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International and the United Nation from documenting human rights violations in the southeast region of the country (Amnesty International, 2017). It is worth noting that the Kurdistans Workers Party is defined as a terrorist group by the United States, the European Union and the Turkish government (Miles, 2017). In addition, the parliament had approved a law that gave the president executive powers. After the failed coup, the government announced a state of emergency which was later extended in October. Over the following months, there have been cases of human rights abuses of the detainees and civil servants. The country deviated from the two human rights conventions aforementioned but it is prohibited from deviating from the core rights that protect the rights of detainees (Human Rights Watch, 2017). The Turkish government has succeeded in denying the freedom of expression in the country by attacking journalists through prosecution, jailing and closing down of media outlets. Moreover, it has taken over media companies through appointing government trustees such as the Zaman Newspaper. Major government critics were also arrested and twitter accounts suspended at the request of the government. Civil servants such as teachers, and judges were suspended without investigation and non-governmental organizations shut down. In addition, trustees were appointed to replace elected offic ials. Perspectives of human rights in Turkey and the West Human beings rights are universal which means they are the same irrespective of the country where they are practiced. Universalism is the view that rights are similar in every country. Rights are either right or wrong depending on their nature not on their cultural setting. However, these rights can be applied differently depending on the cultural settings (Ellis, Emon, Glahn, 2012). In addition, this means that though a right depends on the culture of the people, its the nature of the right that determines its application. This view of human rights has been opposed because it is seen as a way for the Western states to dominate other states. This is mainly because human rights were developed by western states and seem to favor their interests. In a broader concept, this way of thinking is referred to as liberalism. Liberalists believe that human beings have basic rights that should be protected and respected (Marianne Tim, 2008). This is widely practiced by the Western states since 1945 before the human rights international law was established. On the other hand, in relativism, human rights are not dependent on culture but are as a result of those cultures. This means that there are no universal human rights and it is wrong for international institutions to impose such laws on sovereign states ("Human Rights", 2014). Additionally, some states accept that there are universal human rights but they reject the perspective of the Western states regarding human rights. According to these states, human rights development should be based on the religious beliefs and cultural values of various communities in the world (Ellis, Emon, Glahn, 2012). In a broader concept, this viewpoint is regarded as realism. According to realist, human rights are just a propaganda that should only be pursued if it is in the best interest of the country otherwise they should not be considered (Marianne Tim, 2008). In fact, these states regard human rights as a tool used by powerful states such as the United States to exercise their power and benefit. For example, when the United States wants to overthrow a regime it may use the international law on human rights for this purpose (Jones, 2013). The Refah Partisi and Others v. Turkey case were judged by the Grand Chamber of the ECHR in 2003. The case involved Refah Partisi a political party that was formed in 1983 (Case of Refah Partisi and Others V. Turkey, 2003). In 1995, the party was the most popular due to the majority of seats it obtained in the general election and had formed a coalition government. Prior to the Grand Chambers decision, the party had been dissolved by the Turkish constitutional court. The party was dissolved based on the following allegations that showed the party did not support secularism as required by the Turkish constitution. First, the party leaders advocated for the abolishment of secularism in public. Second, they openly supported the wearing of headscarves by women in public institutions which was against secularism. Third, some of the members openly supported the implementation of the Islamic law through bloodshed. Four, the members appealed to Islamic leaders to offer their support to the party and some hosted these leaders in meetings ("Refah Partisi and Others v. Turkey Article 19", 2003). Meanwhile, the party did not take any disciplinary measures on any of these members showing that their views reflected the views of the party. The party brought the case before the court due to the abuse of their freedom of expression and association. However, the principal state counsel that had filed the case for its dissolution argued that the party supported had expressed its opinion regarding plurality where the legal systems are different for various groups based on their religious beliefs such as sharia law. Therefore, these meant that the partys objectives were not in alignment with those of the state and the constitution did allow such a party to be dissolved. The Grand Chamber ruled that the party should be dissolved. This is because sharia laws were incompatible with the democratic laws. Refah had argued that it supported pluralism because it gave courts jurisdiction on cases that dealt with religious beliefs. The court agreed that political parties are a form of freedom of association in a democratic society. This means that the dissolution of the party was indeed a violation of the freedom of association. However, the European Convention mainly upheld the laws of a democratic society and not laws based on religious beliefs ("Refah Partisi and Others v. Turkey Article 19", 2003). The court also recognized that pluralism is a form of democracy. This supports the freedom of expression of political parties. For this case, there was a violation of the freedom of expression of Refah. Secularism was considered one of the principles that the state is governed by. A violation of this principle threatened the democracy of the state thus the dec ision to dissolve the party was upheld. This case revealed the different views on human rights. For members of Refah, freedom of expression involved the expression of their religious beliefs and their relation to the law. According to them, the international law should be in agreement with the sharia law. Meanwhile, the international community feels that the sharia law is a threat to the universal human rights. This means that for one law to exist the other must be abolished. This restrictive nature of the international laws enforces the belief that these laws do not consider the cultural and religious beliefs of a community hence relativism (Ellis, Emon, Glahn, 2012). Nevertheless, in a world where Islam is the fastest growing religion shouldnt it be wiser to find common ground between international law and Islamic law? Another similar case had been brought before the same court in 1998 namely, United Communists Party and others v. Turkey ("Case of the united communist party of Turkey and others v. Turkey", 2007). The party had been formed in 1990. In the same year, the Principal of state wanted it dissolved based on the allegation that it threatened the unity of the citizens. Another reason is that the word communist had been used in naming the party. Lastly, it was seen as a replacement of the Kurdish Workers Party which had been dissolved. In its program, the party had stated that it would fight for the rights of the Kurdish through the political arena but not through violence as is advocated by the international community. The party advocated for the unity of Kurds and Turks to restore peace. Despite this, the party was dissolved in 1991("Case Law of The European Court of Human Rights Related to Public International Law", 2016). In the trial, the government argued that the name communist undermined the constitution. According to the name, the party would advocate a communism which was against the constitutions law on pluralism. The partys agenda to free the Kurdish people also undermined the constitution and unity of the people. According to the constitution, the Turkish citizenship did not recognize such identities. The Kurdish were allowed to identify themselves by that title but they were not allowed to form minority groups. The applicants complained that dissolving the party was a violation of their freedom to assemble and associate. The court ruled that political parties are an essential part of a democratic state. The court emphasized that political parties were included in the article regarding the association. In addition, it stated that the government was allowed to act in any way when it felt that a party threatened the state but it had to do within the guidelines of the convention. It ruled that based on the partys agenda, there was no evidence that showed the party intended to use violence to violate the rights of other people or push its agenda. There was no evidence to show that the party was not supporting democracy. In fact, the party had outlined in its constitutions that one of its methods to resolve conflict was to use dialogue which is democratic. Additionally, the partys name could not prove without any doubts the party was a threat to the nations security ("United Communist Party of Turkey v. Turkey", 2008). The chairman and the vice chairman had also asked to be compensated for the damages incurred in legal fees due to the dissolution. They also claimed their rights to associate and express themselves had been violated. This is because once the party was dissolved they were also banned from holding public offices such as members of parliament. The court ruled that dissolving the party had interfered with the rights of its chairman and vice chairman regarding their association. As a result, the government was supposed to compensate them the total sum of the legal fees incurred ("United Communist Party of Turkey v. Turkey", 2008). Based on this case, it is evident that the Turkish government is violated the laws in the convention when dissolving this party. It is universal that in a democratic society political parties are a must and they represent different political views of the citizens. Despite this, the government was against the idea of a political party that expressed the views of the Kurdish people. This reveals the governments relativism in dealing with the political rights of its citizens. Evidently, when the situation presented itself the government chose to defy the international law and impose its own rules. Conclusion The constitution of the country allows the derogation of the laws in the state of emergency but it must not be against the international laws. Additionally, it states some laws that are not supposed to be suspended. For example, everyone has a right to their own life, and they have a right to remain innocent until they are proven guilty in a court through a fair trial ("The Turkish State of Emergency Under Turkish Constitutional Law and International Human Rights Law ", 2017). Similarly, the international law provides suspensions depending on the extremity of the situation. There are also no suspensions in cases such as regarding a persons life, freedom from torture, and religion. As aforementioned, the Turkish government is currently violating these rights. This shows the governments relativism regarding these laws. Based on the first legal judgment, the universal perspective is widely accepted by the international community especially the western states. In this case, the court ruled that there was an incompatibility in the Islamic and international law which threatened the democracy of the country. Generally, in Turkey, the law concerning these rights is adhered to only when it suits the national interest thus relativism. In conclusion, both should be considered in the implementation of human beings rights especially in Turkey where they seem to be enforced only if they are in the best interest of the nation. References Amnesty International. (2017).Turkey 2016/2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017. Buckley, M. (2001). The European Convention on Human Rights and The Right to Life in Turkey.Human Rights Law Review, 36-60. The case of the united communist party of Turkey and others v. Turkey. (2007).The International Journal of Human Rights,2(2), 78-79. Ellis, D., Emon, J., Glahn, G. (2012).Islamic Law and International Human Rights Law. Oxford University Press. Human Rights and the Transformation Process in Turkey. (2013). Retrieved from https://wp-content/uploads/SAM_Papers.pdf Human Rights Watch. (2017).Turkey.Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 10 October 2017, from https://world-report/2017/country-chapters/turkey Human rights. (2006) (p. 10). New York. Human Rights. (2014). Retrieved 11 October 2017, from https://entries/rights-human/ Jones, R. (2013).Islam and English Law. Cambridge University Press. Marianne, H., Tim, D. (2008).Human rights in international relations. Retrieved from HTTP:/ //politics/research/readingroom/Dunne-Goodhart-chap04.pdf Michael, H. (2014).International Human Rights. Abingdon: Routledge. Miles, T. (2017).U.N. documents human rights violations in southeast Turkey. Retrieved 10 October 2017. Refah Partisi and Others v. Turkey Article 19. (2003). Retrieved 11 October 2017, from https://resources.php/resource/2627/en/refah-partisi-and-others-v.-turkey The Case Laws of The European Court of Human Rights Related to Public International Law. (2016). Retrieved 11 October 2017, from https://rm.coe.int/pil-2017-case-law-rev-en-case-law-echr/ The case of Refah Partisi (The Welfare Party) And Others V. Turkey. (2003). Retrieved from https://wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-Refah-Partisi-v.-Turkey.pdf The Turkish State of Emergency Under Turkish Constitutional Law and International Human Rights Law (2017).America Society of International Law. Retrieved 15 October 2017, from https:// insights/volume/21/issue/1/turkish-state-emergency-under-Turkish-constitutional-law-and United Communist Party of Turkey v. Turkey. (2008). Retrieved 15 October 2017, from https://resources.php/resource/3122/en/echr:-united-communist-party-of-turkey-v.-turkey United Nations.The Foundation of International Human Rights Law. Retrieved 10 October 2017.

What are Niccolo Machiavelli’s ideas on effective leadership Sample Essay Example For Students

What are Niccolo Machiavelli’s ideas on effective leadership Sample Essay Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† is a extremely alone manuscript that outlines Machiavelli’s positions on effectual leading. This piece was meant to function as a usher for what characteristics the ideal prince should possess. Machiavelli neer stated who the really â€Å"Prince† is but instead gives advice and illustrations on how person would go the perfect swayer. The Prince was written in the early 1500s where â€Å"Popes were taking ground forcess. and affluent city states of Italy were falling one after another into the custodies of foreign power† ( Wikipedia ) . It was a clip of switching confederations. political relations. and the outlook of a larger ground forces size would compare to a stronger state. We can detect with the drastic lives they lived. Machiavelli was partially influenced by his life style. As an single Machiavelli was of course misanthropic about the human race and that deeply influenced his work. We will write a custom essay on What are Niccolo Machiavelli’s ideas on effective leadership Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Machiavelli’s chief thoughts on effectual leading were:1 ) A prince should prefer being feared instead than being loved. Machiavelli suggests it is â€Å"much safer to be feared than loved† ( The Prince. 3 ) . When you strike fear in your minions so they will go more intimidated. He mentions that work forces are so easy manipulated that a adept prince can command them at will. â€Å"Men. that they are thankless. fickle. false. cowardly. envious. and every bit long as you win they are yours wholly ; they will offer you their blood. belongings. life and children† ( The Prince. 4 ) . A prince that regulations on love instead than fear wouldn’t win in the existent universe because they are governing on promises and friendly relationships. Promises and friendly relationships can easy be broken but striking fright is normally lasting for an effectual Prince. 2 ) A Prince should hold mean and broad qualities. In chapter XVI Machiavelli implies that a prince should possess both a rough attitude and a mentality for autonomy. A prince should merely let freedom to those who earned it. A prince can take his ground forcess into conflict plundering and leveling everything in sight while passing down points that belong to others to the work forces of his ain. â€Å"this autonomy is necessary. otherwise he would non be followed by his soldiers† ( The Prince. 2 ) . Machiavelli entails a prince should be defensive of his land and ground forcess ; to avoid being hated and despised. A swayer that grants autonomies without being harsh will take to the ruin of the Prince. â€Å"Therefore it is wiser to hold a repute for beastliness which brings reproach without hatred. than to be compelled through seeking a repute for liberality† ( The Prince. 2 ) . 3 ) Keeping and keeping religion. A prince can ever separate the work forces who do non move in good religion ; therefore a wise prince is non bound to maintain religion with them. However. it is best for a prince to possess the â€Å"qualities of clemency. religion. unity. humanity and faith. † ( e. g. : the terminals justify the agencies ) . A prince must avoid the hate of his topics by maintaining them good armed and happy. by forbearing â€Å"to be a lawbreaker of the belongings and adult females of his subjects† ( The Prince. 9 ) . This manner a prince can change over possible enemies into followings and maintain his bing ground forcess faithful. Exemplifying similarities between Machiavelli’s point of view and modern twenty-four hours concerns isn’t hard. A corporation has male monarchs and Queenss. princes and princesses. its Lords and embassadors and their several ground forcess. A corporation besides has its enemies and its friends. It is besides noted that Machiavelli’s guidelines besides apply to amalgamations and acquisitions ( Oldham ) . When comparing Machiavelli toward modern concern patterns we see many defects. Is it acceptable for a company to perpetrate perfidy and fraud as a tolerable maneuver to acquire in front? Obviously non. Machiavelli mentality has non seen how the universe would turn out. Our universe has evolved so rapidly that even Machiavelli couldn’t predict the hereafter. .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 , .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .postImageUrl , .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 , .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071:hover , .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071:visited , .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071:active { border:0!important; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071:active , .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071 .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10ae6559d5b4c3de899d8321c698d071:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hinduism Analysis EssayIts true that a director needs to intermix a combination of fright and love to efficaciously take his/her subsidiaries. Realistically. which foreman do you love the most? The foreman who often threatened to fire you? Or the foreman who treated you with regard and listened to what you have to state? Not a tough inquiry. In today’s environment where work topographic point equality is going a mainstream issue directors have to surely â€Å"love† all their employees. However it’s true that employees may take advantage of their sort hearted personality which is why they must hold some degree of grade in â€Å"fear† . Directors must utilize their power when appropriate. It’s reasonably hard to happen a balance between the two in my sentiment. about impossible. In my sentiment. Machiavelli’s theory of â€Å"fear† over â€Å"love† is flawed in the sense that it won’t work in today’s environment. directors need to equilibrate their fear-based methods and encompass new ways of edifice love into the company’s organisational civilization. Directors and corporate leaders need to be broad in the manner where they can efficaciously authorise their employees to do their ain determinations. Leadership has alteration indefinitely where it is no longer a traditional hierarchy. A leader must larn how to train his/her employees where appropriate but non be selfish with their power and authorization. A leader taking in inhuman treatment will ensue in a high turnover rate and will take to the ruin of the concern. Trust is frequently an of import issue in concern. The trust between concerns and clients is the definition of net incomes and gross. Without trust a company would neer do it off the land. Therefore leaders of big transnational corporations need to be honest from the beginning. It is apparent that Machiavelli and the modern concern age have something they agree upon. Keeping and keeping religion. Constructing a strong trust icon can frequently take your company into positive public feedback. With that positive feedback comes more growing. more employees and in the terminal more clients. ( The terminals justify the agencies ) In decision. Machiavelli was able to sketch what a perfect leader would look like. by separating the needed traits a leader needed to hold. A leader needed to be feared. cruel at the same clip they need to maintain religion. Realistically Machiavelli’s the â€Å"perfect prince† is unachievable in the modern concern age. Machiavelli was a realist. he saw his universe for how it was ran. and non how it would hold been if it was perfect. He designed the prince to suit into this blemished universe. At that clip his prince would hold succeeded because it was a clip of frequent war. Today his prince would neglect. for now we are a universe governed by Torahs and non war. WORKS CITED Machiavelli. Niccolo. Part 1: Ancient to Pre-Industrial The PrinceProject Gutenberg. 08 March. 2008Oldham. Ronnie Machiavelli’s The Prince: A modern executive 16 Sept. 200009 March. 2008. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. pillowrock. com/ronnie/machiavelli. htmWikipedia. Online. 2006. Wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia. 08 March. 2008http: //en. wikipedia. org

Free sample - The Twenties Modernism Vs Traditionalism. translation missing

The Twenties Modernism Vs Traditionalism. The Twenties Modernism Vs TraditionalismIntroduction This decade (1920-1929) is also known as the 'Roaring Twenties ' and sometimes as the 'Jazz age'. This is a period with a huge number of developments in the United States, first of all, there was the economic boom, and this was a post war effect of the First World War. The decade was graced with a spell of economic prosperity. In the early years of this decade, America realized that they have huge urbanized settings than rural. This was also the time when there was prohibition in the United States causing rise of criminals and criminal families such as Al Capone and the Chicago outfit. During this decade, baseball was the major sport and this was when the immigration act was passed. This is also when women were allowed to vote in the nation and work so there was a rather large number of women in work areas.1 Modernism versus Traditionalism During that decade the generation of youth began behaving differently than was previously seen as the norm. Youths lived in the urban areas and mostly led brush (fast-paced) lives. This new trait that was developing altogether is what is being referred to as modernism now and the traits that were left in order to adopt this new life standard is known as traditionalism. Before modernism, the elders stayed in the rural areas and lead quiet and deliberate lives. In order for us to see both sides of the coin of this argument we should try to understand these two groups of individuals. We must consider this in the light of how they saw each other in what areas and what makes them different. These areas are Urban and Rural, Evolutionist and Creationist, Youthful and Aged, The Alcohol debate (prohibition), The radio and Car effects. URBAN VS RURAL: during this time America was at the peak of urbanization trend that began around fifty2 years earlier and for the first time the nation was seen as more urban than rural. The modernists of this time preferred the fast-paced lifestyle. The time was characterized by a huge influx of population to the cities. The cities offered their thoughts to the traditionalists who were backward people at that time and were against development and that they lived their lives based on very thin margins of thinking and they were not open to change. The traditionalists at the time preferred the quiet life in the countryside and the farms. Generally the rural people had their own opinions about the modernists who lived in the cities; they considered them immoral due to their dressing styles and other character traits and since the modernists were more in the cities and business was prosperous they saw the modernists as people too much into money and materialistic values. EVOLUTIONIST AND CREATIONISTS: The modernists at the time started drifting away from the norm and beliefs of religion. They no more accept the known doctrines that the world was created by a deity which was a strong belief of traditionalists; modernists started becoming more liberal and started accepting explanations that the world, as we know it, was evolved as stated by the biological concept of evolution.3 This concept says that any living creature is bound by time and develop with the passage of time; this means the creatures become better in their later generations. This also caused a major trial4 (the Scope’s trial) which happened in 1925 in the state of Tennessee in which a teacher, John Scope was accused of teaching the concept of evolution to his students. The teacher was found guilty but the trial ruling was overturned due to a problem in the prosecutions side. The traditionalists preferred to stick to religion and its doctrines at the time. They stay within the boun daries and teachings of bible and believed that the world was created by God and that evolution was a myth and that the opinion that humans came from monkeys (as dictated by the theory of evolution) is untrue and it should not be taught to students as it is misleading and would derail the generation away from their roots and culture as they literally are considered to be the gospel. Thus traditionalist were against it. YOUTH AND ELDERS/ADULTS: In this period it was the youths that mainly look to the modernist lifestyle. At the time, the youth gave precedence to certain objects that the elders did not see as necessary. Youths loved cars and the fast lives. They court around not to find spouses but just to have fun. Youths also desired life that gave off an air of independence and this they can only find in the cities and urban areas where one had to be a bit unscrupulous in order to get along. The women youth of the time came to be known as flappers due to their dressing habits, they wore short dresses and dyed their hair; this was the fashion at the time. They also wore make up which was not the norm. The elderly at the time are the ones who had the traditionalist aspect in them. They preferred life that gave them a sense of community and security which was mainly found in the rural and farm areas. They saw the youth of the time as being careless and immoral; the traditionalists had a more conserva tive dressing style, a more modest living and even speaking style. Even in the art that the traditionalists preferred it was more modest and subtle. THE ALCOHOL FACTOR: This also falls into the realm of prohibition5 also know as the 'noble experiment'. This was a period in which United States government had banned any activity that involved alcohol in its borders as in the transport, manufacture and sale of alcohol was banned within the United States borders.   Now even though this was the situation in the country, alcohol still did play a major role in the modernist vs. traditionalist agenda, after all, alcohol was still available mainly by means of crime lords and families such as that of Al Capone and the Chicago outfit. Modernists saw alcohol as an element that provided personal freedom. This was a complete paradox of what the traditionalists believed: they said that alcohol caused crimes and broke apart families and that where there was no alcohol people were generally happier and healthier. This period caused the aforementioned crime outfits to prosper even though alcohol was later legalized in 1933. EFFECTS OF THE RADIO: In 1923, there was a frenzy about radio and by the end of that year there was close to six hundred radio stations and close to half a million households in the nation possessed radio sets; whereas in 1922, there was less than a hundred thousand sets. Thus, within a short while it seemed as though radio was all everyone was doing because almost all organizations that were worth mentioning had radio stations. This provided a sure quick fire resulted in easy access to information. Spreading ad and promotions becomes easier. In addition to information, radio also provided entertainment. This changed lifestyle preferred by the modernists is what is totally different from the lifestyle followed by traditionalists. Traditionalist think modernist as leaving their norms behind, whereas young traditionalist thinks modernist’s lifestyle as attractive. Thus, it has been said that the Twenties were shaped by a clash of culturesmodernist versus traditional. This was an era shaped by two groups of people different in almost everything, whether it is their thoughts or their dressing style, their religion beliefs or their general lifestyle. Two cultures were coming face to face thus there were clashes plus acceptances. Thus people always give this argument that that time was a time of cultural clash.    Bibliography: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paul Sann, The Lawless Decade(Dover Publication: New York 1970). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A GODLIKE PRENSENCE †: the impact of radios in 1920s and 1930s 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wayne Curtis, Bootleg Paradise (American heritage: may/April 2007). 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Barth , The Friday Book(G. P. Putnam's Sons:1984). 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Carneiro Robert, Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology: A Critical History(Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 2003).